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1.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38216380

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is an inflammatory molecule that has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible relationship between plasma levels of IL-18 and the presence of atherosclerosis evaluated at the carotid level, as well as to analyze the possible modulation by different polymorphisms in a Mediterranean population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred and forty-six individuals from the metropolitan area of Valencia were included, recruited over a period of 2 years. Hydrocarbon and lipid metabolism parameters were determined using standard methodology and IL-18 using ELISA. In addition, carotid ultrasound was performed and the genotype of four SNPs related to the IL-18 signaling pathway was analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with higher plasma levels of IL-18 had other associated cardiovascular risk factors. Elevated IL-18 levels were significantly associated with higher carotid IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques. The genotype with the A allele of the SNP rs2287037 was associated with a higher prevalence of carotid atheromatous plaque. On the contrary, the genotype with the C allele of the SNP rs2293224 was associated with a lower prevalence of atheromatous plaque. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of IL-18 were significantly associated with a higher carotid IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques, which appear to be influenced by genetic factors, as evidenced by associations between SNPs in the IL-18 receptor gene and the presence of atheroma plaque.

2.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 23(3)sept.-dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441492

RESUMO

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares isquémicas constituyen la primera causa de muerte en el mundo desarrollado o en vías de serlo, por encima de las oncológicas, de los accidentes del tránsito y de las enfermedades vásculo-cerebrales. El diagnóstico temprano de una lesión coronaria permite lograr la prevención del ataque isquémico agudo, y realizar el tratamiento revascularizador oportuno con evaluación de riesgo quirúrgico, que permita obtener cifras de morbimortalidad aceptables. Objetivo: Describir las características ultrasonográficas de las arterias carotídeas como riesgo de accidente cerebro-vascular en pacientes con revascularización miocárdica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal en 208 pacientes revascularizados del sector coronario, con estudio ultrasonográfico prequirúrgico de las arterias carotídeas como método predictivo de enfermedad vásculo-cerebral isquémica. Resultados: En 20 pacientes se presentaron síntomas cerebrales que se clasificaron en menores y mayores. Existió preponderancia de los menores y, entre ellos, de la agitación. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo primarios y en las características de las placas ateroescleróticas se destacó el grado de irregularidad. Conclusiones: El estudio ultrasonográfico del árbol arterial carotídeo debe formar parte esencial del estudio predictivo del paciente que va a ser sometido a una revascularización coronaria(AU)


Introduction: Ischemic cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the developed world or in the process of becoming so, above oncological ones, traffic accidents and vascular-cerebral diseases. The early diagnosis of a coronary lesion allows to achieve the prevention of acute ischemic attack, and to perform the appropriate revascularization treatment with surgical risk assessment, which allows to obtain acceptable morbidity and mortality figures. Objective: To describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of carotid arteries as a risk of stroke in patients with myocardial revascularization. Methods: An observational, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted in 208 coronary sector´s revascularized patients, with pre-surgical ultrasonographic study of the carotid arteries as a predictive method of ischemic cerebral vascular disease. Results: In 20 patients there were brain symptoms that were classified into minor and major. There was a predominance of minors and, among them, of agitation. The primary risk factors were evaluated and the degree of irregularity was highlighted in the characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions: The ultrasonographic study of the carotid arterial tree should be an essential part of the predictive study of the patient who is undergoing coronary revascularization(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
3.
Rev. cuba. med ; 59(4): e1633, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144501

RESUMO

Introducción: La aterosclerosis subclínica es predictora de eventos vasculares futuros y es diagnosticada por imágenes y biomarcadores sin que existan manifestaciones clínicas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores pronósticos asociados con la aterosclerosis subclínica en pacientes dislipidémicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras en 1028 pacientes en el periodo de 2016 al 2019. Resultados: La existencia de placa de ateroma fue de 26,9 por ciento. Existieron diferencias significativas relacionadas al tabaquismo (30,0 por ciento vs 23,7 por ciento). En las variables lipídicas, el promedio de los valores de la LDLc fue superior en los pacientes con placa de ateroma y la relación CT/LDL fue mayor en los que no tienen esta alteración. La frecuencia de engrosamiento del complejo íntima-media mayor de 1,0 mm fue de 37,1 por ciento. Existieron diferencias significativas relacionadas al tabaquismo (30,4 por ciento vs 22,4 por ciento) y la presencia de HTA (56,7 por ciento vs 48,8 por ciento ) en las variables lipídicas el promedio de los valores de la HDLc fue superior en los pacientes sin aumento del grosor del complejo íntima-media y la elevación CT/HDL fue mayor en los que presentan dicha alteración. Conclusiones: Los factores que influyen de manera independiente en la probabilidad de formación de las placas de ateroma son la LDLc (elevada), la edad, los triglicéridos y el sexo masculino y los que influyen en la probabilidad para el engrosamiento del complejo íntima-media son la HDLc (baja), el tabaquismo, y la hipertensión arterial(AU)


Introduction: Subclinical atherosclerosis is a predictor of future vascular events and is diagnosed by imaging and biomarkers without any clinical manifestations. Objective: To identify the prognostic factors that are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic patients. Method: A cohort study was carried out at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in 1028 patients in the period from 2016 to 2019. Results: The existence of atheroma plaque was 26.9 percent. There were significant differences related to smoking (30.0 percent vs 23.7 percent). In the lipid variables, the average of the LDLc values ​​is higher in patients with atheroma plaque and the CT/LDL ratio is higher in those without this alteration. Regarding the frequency of thickening of the intima-media complex greater than 1.0 mm, it was 37.1 percent. There were significant differences related to smoking (30.4 percent vs 22.4 percent) and the presence of HTA (56.7 percent vs 48.8 percent in the lipid variables, the average of the HDLc values ​​is higher in the patients without an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex and the CT/HDL elevation is greater in those with said alteration. Conclusions: The factors that independently influence the probability of atheroma plaque formation are LDLc (elevated), age, triglycerides and male sex, and those that influence the probability of thickening of the intima-media complex. They are HDLc (low), smoking, and high blood pressure(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prognóstico , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Dislipidemias/complicações , Placa Aterosclerótica/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Coortes
4.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 42(6): 362-371, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30952463

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus is a risk factor for developing atheromatous plaques, although the possible effect of virus clearance is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether or not subclinical atheromatosis improved and there was any modification in the composition of the plaques 12 months after eradication of hepatitis C virus by direct-acting antiviral agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study that included 85 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in different stages of fibrosis who were on direct-acting antiviral agents. Patients with a cardiovascular history, diabetes and kidney disease were excluded. An arterial ultrasound (carotid and femoral) was performed to diagnose atheromatous plaques (defined as intima-media thickness ≥1.5mm) and the composition (percentage of lipids, fibrosis and calcium with HEMODYN4 software) was analysed at the beginning of the study and 12 months after stopping the therapy. RESULTS: After follow-up no changes were detected in the intima-media thickness (0.65mm vs. 0.63mm, P=.240) or in the presence of plaques (65.9% vs 71.8%, P=.063). There was also no significant change in their composition or affected vascular territory, with an increase in blood lipid profile (P<.001) after 12 months of treatment. These results were confirmed in subgroups by severity of liver disease. DISCUSSION: The eradication of hepatitis C virus by direct-acting antiviral agents does not improve the atheroma plaques and nor does it vary their composition, regardless of liver fibrosis. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate residual cardiovascular risk after virus eradication.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/sangue , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/virologia , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/virologia , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2/uso terapêutico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangue , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/virologia , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 219(6): 293-302, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30773286

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The association between subclinical atheromatosis and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown but is relevant now that antivirals are improving the survival of patients with the infection. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether HCV is an independent risk factor for subclinical atheromatosis and to analyse the changes in lipid profiles according to viral RNA levels and hepatic fibrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study that included 102 HCV-positive patients and 102 HCV-negative patients with parity in terms of sex and age, with no history of cardiovascular or kidney disease or diabetes. Atheromatosis (the presence of atheromatous plaques) and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed using ultrasonography of the carotid and femoral arteries. RESULTS: There was a greater presence of atheromatosis in any vascular territory in HCV-positive patients than in the patients without infection (58.8% vs. 28.4%, p<.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with atheromatosis included HCV infection (OR, 14.37 [5.5-37.3]; p<.001), age (OR, 1.12 [1.1-1.2]; p<.001), male sex (OR, 4.32 [1.9-9.5]; p<.001) and the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol coefficient (TG/HDL-indirect indicator of insulin resistance) (OR, 1.34 [1.1-1.6]; p=.007). The HCV-positive patients with atheromatous plaques had a higher TG/HDL coefficient but no significant differences in terms of the viral load or degree of hepatic fibrosis and with a 'low risk' lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection is an independent risk factor for subclinical atheromatosis. Systemic arterial ultrasonography for this population improves the cardiovascular risk assessment beyond lipid profile abnormalities and the risk calculation using SCORE tables.

6.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 151(3): 116-122, 2018 08 10.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29724600

RESUMO

The term cryptogenic stroke refers to a stroke for which there is no specific attributable cause after a comprehensive evaluation. However, there are differences between the diagnostic criteria of etiological classifications used in clinical practice. An improvement in diagnostic tools such advances in monitoring for atrial fibrillation, advances in vascular imaging and evidence regarding the implication of patent foramen oval on the risk of stroke specially in young patients are reducing the proportion of stroke patients without etiological diagnosis. We carried out a critical review of the current concept of cryptogenic stroke, as a non-diagnosis, avoiding the simplification of it and reviewing the different entities that could fall under this diagnosis and reviewing the different entities that could fall under this diagnosis; and therefore avoid the same treatment for differents entities with uncertains results.


Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Prevenção Secundária , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/classificação , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia
7.
Nefrologia ; 36(4): 389-96, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27044887

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atherosclerosis are 2 interrelated diseases that increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the ILERVAS project are: 1) to determine the prevalence of subclinical arterial disease and hidden kidney disease; 2) to assess the impact of early diagnosis of both diseases on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and also on the progression of CKD; 3) to have a platform of data and biological samples. METHODS: Randomized intervention study. From 2015 to 2017, 19,800 people (9,900 in the intervention group and 9,900 in the control group) aged between 45 and 70 years without previous history of cardiovascular disease and with at least one cardiovascular risk factor will be randomly selected from the primary health care centres across the province of Lérida. A team of experts will travel around in a mobile unit to carry out the following baseline tests on the intervention group: Artery ultrasound; (carotid, femoral, transcranial and abdominal aorta); ankle-brachial index; spirometry; determination of advanced glycation end products; dried blood spot and urine spot tests. Additionally, blood and urine samples will be collected and stored in the biobank to identify new biomarkers using omics studies. Participants will be followed up until 2025 for identification of cardiovascular events, treatment changes and changes in lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: The ILERVAS project will reveal the prevalence of subclinical vascular disease and hidden kidney disease, determine whether or not their early diagnosis brings health benefits and will also allow investigation of new risk factors.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Idoso , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Assintomáticas , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Seguimentos , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/sangue , Humanos , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Unidades Móveis de Saúde , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Espirometria , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Doenças Vasculares/epidemiologia
8.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 29(1): 17-31, abr. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-754286

RESUMO

Introducción: la enfermedad aterosclerótica y sus complicaciones constituyen la causa más frecuente de muerte en el mundo. Un análisis de la relación entre parámetros estructurales y mecánicos de las placas de ateroma carotídea (PAC) es mandatorio a la hora de aumentar nuestros conocimientos en torno a los mecanismos que favorecerían la fatiga mecánica del material de la placa y su complicación. Objetivos: analizar la distensibilidad carotídea en sujetos sanos y con PAC según su composición estructural. Métodos: se estudiaron 100 sujetos asintomáticos con PAC (n=36) y sin PAC (n=64). Se clasificaron las PAC según la mediana de niveles de grises y mapeo por color en lipídicas (L), fibrolipídicas (FL) y fibrosas/calcificadas (FC). Se combinó ultrasonido modo-B con tonometría de aplanamiento y se cuantificó la distensibilidad a lo largo del eje longitudinal en cinco sectores a nivel de la PAC y de la arteria carótida normal. Resultados: se clasificaron 71 PAC (35 L, 16 FL y 20 FC), todas se encontraron en segmentos arteriales con menores niveles de distensibilidad comparado con las arterias sanas. Las PAC FC mostraron mayor rigidez a nivel del hombro proximal en comparación con las L y FL que se comportan de manera más homogénea en todos sus sectores. Conclusión: las PAC L y FL (consideradas de mayor riesgo) no presentaron el cambio significativo de rigidez parietal observado en las PAC FC, consideradas de menor riesgo de complicación. Estas diferencias biomecánicas relacionadas con la composición global de la PAC podrían tener una implicancia en la patogenia de la complicación de placa.


Introduction: the aterosclerotic disease and its complications are the most frequent cause of death in the world. An analysis of the relationship between structural and mechanic parameters of the carotid aterome plaque (CAP) is mandatory in the need of improving our knowledge concerning the mechanisms that would favor the mechanic fatigue of the plaque material and its complication. Objectives: analize the carotid distensibility in healthy persons and with patients with CAP according to their structural composition. Methods: 100 asymptomatic individuals were studied, with CAP (n=36) and without CAP (n=64). CAP persons were classified according to the standard levels of greys and color mapping in lipidic (L), fibrolipidic (FL) and fibrous/calcified (FC). B-mode Ultrasound with applanation tonometry were combined and the distensibility was quantified along the longitudinal axis in five sectors to the level of the CAP and in the normal carotid artery. Results: 71 CAP (35 L, 16 FL y 20 FC) were classified all in low-level distensibility arterial segments compared to healthy arteries. The FC CAP showed more rigidity in the proximal shoulder compared to the L and FL that behave more homogeneously in all their sectors. Conclusion: the L and FL CAPs (considered of major risk) did not present the parietal rigidity significant change observed in the FC CAP, considered of low complication risk. These biomechanic differences related to the global composition of the CAP could have an implication in the pathogenesis of the plaque complication.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Artérias Carótidas , Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Placa Aterosclerótica , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico , Placa Aterosclerótica/ultraestrutura , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Pressão Arterial
9.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 81(4): 322-328, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-130262

RESUMO

Introducción La incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer aumenta luego de la menopausia.Los puntajes de riesgo tradicionales subestiman el riesgo en la mujer posmenopáusica. El diagnóstico de placa aterosclerótica carotídea (PAC) podría mejorar la estratificación del riesgo. Objetivos 1) Estimar el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de mediana edad en prevención primaria. 2) Conocer la prevalencia de PAC. 3) Calcular la precisión de los puntajes de riesgo para detectar PAC. Material y métodos Se calcularon el puntaje de Framingham a 10 años (PF10) y el puntaje recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (POMS), evaluando la concordancia entre ellos. Se determinó la prevalencia de PAC mediante ultrasonido. Se realizó un análisis ROC. Resultados Se incluyeron 334 mujeres (edad 57 ± 5 años). El 96% y el 91% de la población se clasificó como de "riesgo bajo" según el PF10 y el POMS, respectivamente. La concordancia entre los dos puntajes fue regular (kappa 0,31). La prevalencia de PAC fue del 29%. Se observó una correspondencia entre el riesgo estimado por los puntajes y la prevalencia de PAC. Las mujeres con PAC presentaron una prevalencia mayor de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo, mostrando más frecuentemente un patrón "metabólico" que las mujeres sin PAC. El área bajo la curva del PF10 para detectar PAC fue de 0,79 (IC 95% 0,73-0,84), siendo el punto de corte óptimo = 3%. Conclusiones En esta población clasificada en su mayoría como de riesgo bajo, la prevalencia de PAC fue considerable. Ante un PF10 = 3%, la solicitud de una ecografía carotídea podría optimizar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular.(AU)


Background Cardiovascular disease in women increases after menopause. Traditional risk scores underestimate the risk in postmeno-pausal women. The diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) could improve risk stratification. Objectives The aim of the study was: 1) To estimate cardiovascular risk in middle-aged postmenopausal women in primary preven-tion. 2) To find CAP prevalence. 3) To assess the precision of risk scores used to detect CAP. Methods The level of agreement between the 10-year Framingham risk score (10-FRS) and the score recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOS) was assessed. Ultrasound was used to determine CAP occurrence. A ROC analysis was performed. Results The study included a total of 334 women with mean age 57 ± 5 years. According to 10-FRS and WHOS, 96% and 91% of the population were respectively classified as "low risk". An adequate level of agreement between both scores was found (kappa 0.31). CAP occurred in 29% of cases. Score estimated risk correlated with CAP prevalence. Women with CAP presented higher incidence of hypertension and smoking, evidencing a more frequent "metabolic" pattern than women without CAP. The area under the curve of 10-FRS to detect CAP was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.84), with an optimal cut-off point = 3%. Conclusions In this population, mostly classified as low risk, there was considerable CAP prevalence. A carotid ultrasound might help to stratify cardiovascular risk when 10-FRS is = 3%.(AU)

10.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 81(4): 322-328, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708638

RESUMO

Introducción La incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer aumenta luego de la menopausia.Los puntajes de riesgo tradicionales subestiman el riesgo en la mujer posmenopáusica. El diagnóstico de placa aterosclerótica carotídea (PAC) podría mejorar la estratificación del riesgo. Objetivos 1) Estimar el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres posmenopáusicas de mediana edad en prevención primaria. 2) Conocer la prevalencia de PAC. 3) Calcular la precisión de los puntajes de riesgo para detectar PAC. Material y métodos Se calcularon el puntaje de Framingham a 10 años (PF10) y el puntaje recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (POMS), evaluando la concordancia entre ellos. Se determinó la prevalencia de PAC mediante ultrasonido. Se realizó un análisis ROC. Resultados Se incluyeron 334 mujeres (edad 57 ± 5 años). El 96% y el 91% de la población se clasificó como de "riesgo bajo" según el PF10 y el POMS, respectivamente. La concordancia entre los dos puntajes fue regular (kappa 0,31). La prevalencia de PAC fue del 29%. Se observó una correspondencia entre el riesgo estimado por los puntajes y la prevalencia de PAC. Las mujeres con PAC presentaron una prevalencia mayor de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo, mostrando más frecuentemente un patrón "metabólico" que las mujeres sin PAC. El área bajo la curva del PF10 para detectar PAC fue de 0,79 (IC 95% 0,73-0,84), siendo el punto de corte óptimo = 3%. Conclusiones En esta población clasificada en su mayoría como de riesgo bajo, la prevalencia de PAC fue considerable. Ante un PF10 = 3%, la solicitud de una ecografía carotídea podría optimizar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular.


Background Cardiovascular disease in women increases after menopause. Traditional risk scores underestimate the risk in postmeno-pausal women. The diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) could improve risk stratification. Objectives The aim of the study was: 1) To estimate cardiovascular risk in middle-aged postmenopausal women in primary preven-tion. 2) To find CAP prevalence. 3) To assess the precision of risk scores used to detect CAP. Methods The level of agreement between the 10-year Framingham risk score (10-FRS) and the score recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOS) was assessed. Ultrasound was used to determine CAP occurrence. A ROC analysis was performed. Results The study included a total of 334 women with mean age 57 ± 5 years. According to 10-FRS and WHOS, 96% and 91% of the population were respectively classified as "low risk". An adequate level of agreement between both scores was found (kappa 0.31). CAP occurred in 29% of cases. Score estimated risk correlated with CAP prevalence. Women with CAP presented higher incidence of hypertension and smoking, evidencing a more frequent "metabolic" pattern than women without CAP. The area under the curve of 10-FRS to detect CAP was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.84), with an optimal cut-off point = 3%. Conclusions In this population, mostly classified as low risk, there was considerable CAP prevalence. A carotid ultrasound might help to stratify cardiovascular risk when 10-FRS is = 3%.

11.
Medisan ; 15(11)nov. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-48195

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de los 139 pacientes egresados del Servicio de Cerebrovascular del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba con el diagnóstico de ataque transitorio de isquemia , en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2007, a fin de caracterizar a la población analizada según variables de interés e identificar los hallazgos tomográticos más frecuentes, así como precisar las características ecográficas de la placa de ateroma y el grado de estenosis presente en quienes se indicó el eco Doppler carotídeo. En la serie, los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: sexo femenino, edad de 65 y más años, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, soplo carotídeo y antecedente de un ataque transitorio de isquemia, ocurrido 3 meses antes de efectuar esta investigación(AU)


An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 139 patients with the diagnosis of a little stroke, discharged from the Cerebrovascular Service at Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from January to December, 2007, with the aim of characterizing the population analyzed according to interest variables and identifying the most frequent tomographic findings, as well as specifying the echographic characteristics of atheroma and the stenosis degree in those who had a carotid Doppler ultrasonography indication. The most frequent risk factors in the series were: female sex, 65 years old and over, hypertension, smoking habit, carotid bruit and history of a little stroke suffered 3 months before carrying out this investigation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Estenose das Carótidas , Constrição Patológica , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
12.
Medisan ; 15(11)nov. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-616400

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de los 139 pacientes egresados del Servicio de Cerebrovascular del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba con el diagnóstico de ataque transitorio de isquemia , en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2007, a fin de caracterizar a la población analizada según variables de interés e identificar los hallazgos tomográticos más frecuentes, así como precisar las características ecográficas de la placa de ateroma y el grado de estenosis presente en quienes se indicó el eco Doppler carotídeo. En la serie, los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: sexo femenino, edad de 65 y más años, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, soplo carotídeo y antecedente de un ataque transitorio de isquemia, ocurrido 3 meses antes de efectuar esta investigación.


An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 139 patients with the diagnosis of a little stroke, discharged from the Cerebrovascular Service at Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from January to December, 2007, with the aim of characterizing the population analyzed according to interest variables and identifying the most frequent tomographic findings, as well as specifying the echographic characteristics of atheroma and the stenosis degree in those who had a carotid Doppler ultrasonography indication. The most frequent risk factors in the series were: female sex, 65 years old and over, hypertension, smoking habit, carotid bruit and history of a little stroke suffered 3 months before carrying out this investigation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estenose das Carótidas , Constrição Patológica , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 182-186, Mar. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-591972

RESUMO

The aortic arch branches variations have called the attention of several authors, who have handled studies and classifications, both human and in different animals. The common trunk, which is between the brachiocephalic trunk and the common left carotid artery, is the most common variation. We conducted a descriptive and randomized study of the presence of the trunk mentioned before, trying to establish the possible relationship between this variation and the distribution plates of atheroma. The lumen observation makes it possible to define and check the distribution of the ostium, among the common ostium and the ones with common trunks. Regarding the plates of atheroma, it was found that there is a slight prevalence in common trunks cases, with respect to the classics (no variety) or the ones who had common ostium. In all cases, the presence of a plaque in the distal aortic arch was certified near the left subclavian artery. The knowledge of the existence of the common trunk sets up an act of academic interest, as practice interventions and diagnostic imaging and clinical work, since the presence of the common trunk might be related to the prevalence of the plates of atheroma at the level of its origin.


Las variaciones de las ramas del arco aórtico han llamado la atención de diversos autores, quienes han realizados estudios y clasificaciones, tanto en humanos, como en diferentes animales. El tronco común, entre el tronco braquiocefálico y la arteria carótida común izquierda, es la variación más frecuente. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo y randomizado de la presencia del mencionado tronco, tratando de verificar la posible relación entre dicha variación y la distribución de placas de ateroma. La observación luminal permitió precisar, entre los casos de ostios comunes y aquellos con troncos comunes, y comprobar la distribución de los ostios. En cuanto a las placas de ateroma, se observó una leve prevalencia en los casos de troncos comunes respecto de los clásicos (sin variedad) o de los que presentaron ostios comunes. En todos los casos se verificó la presencia de una placa en el arco aórtico distal, inmediato a la arteria subclavia izquierda. El conocimiento de la existencia del tronco común, constituye un hecho de interés académico, como práctico en intervencionismo, diagnóstico por imagen y la clínica. La presencia del tronco común pareciera estar relacionada con cierta prevalencia de placas de ateroma a nivel de su origen.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aorta Torácica/anatomia & histologia , Aorta Torácica/anormalidades , Aorta Torácica/citologia , Aorta Torácica/patologia , Aorta Torácica/ultraestrutura , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Tronco Braquiocefálico/anatomia & histologia , Tronco Braquiocefálico/anormalidades , Tronco Braquiocefálico/citologia , Tronco Braquiocefálico/patologia
14.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 25(2): 105-138, sept. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-587997

RESUMO

Los sistemas de prevención cardiovascular basados en la determinación de factores de riesgo presentan limitaciones para cuantificar el riesgo de un sujeto. Los factores de riesgo son predictores de aterosclerosis en la población, pero fallan en identificar qué sujetos desarrollarán la enfermedad y/o tendrán eventos cardiovasculares; los que frecuentemente se presentan en sujetos de riesgo bajo o intermedio. En este contexto, guías/consensos sugieren realizar estudios no invasivos en sujetos asintomáticos para estratificar el riesgo individual, detectar y tratar la aterosclerosis en etapa subclínica. Para ello se han propuesto diferentes abordajes que permiten caracterizar la estructura y/o función arterial por métodos no invasivos, brindando información complementaria, que adiciona a la obtenida con la determinación de los factores de riesgo. En Uruguay, recientemente se creó un centro universitario interdisciplinario (CUiiDARTE, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial), que tiene entre sus objetivos implementar técnicas no invasivas para la evaluación integral de la estructura y función arterial, posibilitando dar respuesta a la necesidad de estratificación individualizada del riesgo cardiovascular y detección de aterosclerosis subclínica. En este trabajo se presenta el abordaje de evaluación vascular empleado en CUiiDARTE y basados en nuestra experiencia, se discuten aspectos teóricos y prácticos de los test no invasivos utilizados y parámetros estudiados.


Traditional risk factors-guided cardiovascular prevention/treatment has clear limitations in individual subjects management. Often, individuals with similar risk factor profiles have differences in the atherosclerosis development and are at different cardiovascular risk. Therefore, while risk factors are good predictors of atherosclerosis in a population, they cannot identify who will develop the disease and/or will have a cardiovascular event. In this context, there have been published guidelines calling for non-invasive atherosclerosis screening and risk stratification in asymptomatic subjects. Several approaches have been proposed for the vascular evaluation, and although the screening tests used vary among laboratories, in general terms their are underused. In Uruguay, it was recently created an interdisciplinary university center (CUiiDARTE, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial), which has as a main aim the implementation of non-invasive techniques to evaluate the arterial structural and functional properties, that could allow stratifying the individual cardiovascular risk and identifying sub-clinical atherosclerosis. In this work we present the integral vascular approach used in CUiiDARTE and based in our experience we discuss, theoretical and practical issues related with the tests performed and parameters calculated.


Assuntos
Humanos , Artérias Carótidas/ultraestrutura , Artérias Carótidas , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Aterosclerose , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/prevenção & controle , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Aorta/fisiologia , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Pressão Sanguínea , Túnica Íntima/ultraestrutura , Ultrassonografia Doppler de Pulso
15.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 26(3): 153-162, 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-772242

RESUMO

Existe evidencia que en pacientes con enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólica (EHGNA) hay aumento del estrés oxidativo hepático y que esta entidad puede también ser un marcador temprano de ateroesclerosis en personas sanas. Establecer la relación entre el espesor de íntima media carotídea (EIMC) y la placa de ateroma, con la EHGNA, como un marcador precoz de ateroesclerosis subclínica independiente de los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos clásicos. Estudio clínico no experimental, transversal, analítico. 40 sujetos distribuidos en 2 grupos: sin EHGNA y con EHGNA, diagnosticados por ultrasonido hepático, a quienes se les determinó el EIMC. Para el análisis de los resultados se calculó la media y la desviación estándar, U de Mann-Whitney y la prueba chi-cuadrado (p <0,05). Prevalencia de EHGNA 64, %. En el grupo con EHGNA 80% grado I, 20% grado II, y ninguno grado III. La media del EIMC fue mayor en el grupo con EHGNA. Se encontraron 14 individuos (35%) con EIMC > 0,8 mm; 17 individuos (40%) con placa ateromatosa carotídea, y 20 individuos (50%) con una o ambas características, en su mayoría, se encontraron en el grupo con EHGNA (p=0,004). Los pacientes con EHGNA tienen un incremento en el EIMC, y por consiguiente, del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Así, la detección de EHGNA por ultrasonido podría ser un marcador temprano de ateroesclerosis


There is evidence that in patients who have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NFLD), there is an increase of hepatic oxidative stress, and this entity could be an early marker of atherosclerosis in healthy people. To establish the relationship between carotid intimamedia thickness (CMT), atheroma plaque and NFLD as a possible early marker of subclinic atherosclerosis independently of the classical cardiometabolic factors. Our sample consisted of 40 subjects, divided in two groups: with and without NFLD diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound. CIMT was done in all. For statistical analysis we applied median, standard deviation, U de Mann-Whitney and chi-square. Prevalence of NFLD was 64%. In the group with NFLD 80% had stage I. 20% stage II. Median of CMT was higher in the group with NFLD. 14 subjects (40 %) had a CMT > 0,8 mm; 17 (40%) had atheromatous plaque and 20 (50%) both. (p=0,004). Patients with NFLD have a higher CMT, and, thereforea higher risk of CVD. Hepatic Ultrasound could help as an early marker of atherosclerosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aterosclerose/patologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Medicina Interna
16.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Córdoba) ; 63(3): 17-23, 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-474455

RESUMO

Introducción: la infección y la inflamación crónica han sido implicadas como agentes etiológicos para la ateraesclerasis (ATE). Varios estudios han relacionado a la infección por H. Pylori (HP) con la EC, especialmente con los linajes mas virulentos (linaje Cag A). Objetivo: demostrar la presencia del HP en placas de endarterectomías, utilizando una técnica Inmunohistoquimica (lHQ) específica que revela una reacción Ag-Ac mediante un cromógeno. Material y Métodos: se estudiaron 34 placas ATE de distintos territorios vasculares. Se fijaron en formol descalcificándolas en ácido fórmico según necesidad. Fueron incluidos en parafina, cortados y coloreados con H-E y técnicas de IHQ específicas para HP. Luego fueron desparafinados y tratados térmicamente con una solución de recuperación antigénica (lnmuno DNA Retriever with Citrate) utilizando olla a presión. La IHQ se efectuó con un sistema de alta sensibilidad Biotina-Estreptavidina-Peroxidasa-DAB). La observación morfológica evaluó células inflamatorias mononucleares y la identificación de la bacteria en la pared o la luz vascular. Resultados: de los 34 casos estudiados, en 14 se pudo identificar el bacilo en sus diferentes formas (41,17%), asociado a signos de inflamación crónica. Conclusión: el HP estuvo presente en un número sustancial de lesiones ATE y se asoció con inflamación. Estudios recientes sugieren que la presencia de Hp, demostrada por técnicas de IHQ, potenciaría los FR para ATE, induciendo una respuesta celular inflamatoria crónica por irritación persistente de la pared arterial.


Introduction: In general, infection and chronic inflammation have be en implied as etiologic agents for atherosclerosis and in particular coronary illness (CI). Several studies have correlated the infection of Helicobacter pylori with CI, especially with virulent strains (lineage Cag A). Objective: Demonstrate the immunohistochemical presence of H. Pylori in atherosclerotic plaques obtained from endarterectomy of different vascular regions. Material and methods: 34 atherosclerotic plaques of different vascular areas were studied, (25 men and 9 women). The tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered-formalin and decalcifying in formic acid 5% was used when necessary. The tissue sections were included in paraffin, cut and colored with H&E and subjected to Immunohistochemistry (lHC) of H.Pylori. Briefly, tissues were deparaffinized and thermally treated with a citrate-based solution of antigenic retrieval (lmmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate, BlO SB, Santa Barbara, CA) using a water bath at 95°C for 1 hour. The IHC was conducted using a high sensitivity BiotinStreptavidin-HRP-DAB IHC system (lmmunoDetector HRPIDAB, BlO SB). The microscopic observation evaluated the' presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells and the identification of the bacteria in the wall or the vascular lumen. Results: Of the 34 cases studied 14 were positive, where one could identify the bacillus in their different forms (41, 17%) associated with chronic inflammation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aterosclerose/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Aterosclerose/patologia , Endarterectomia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Monócitos/metabolismo
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